As an essential part of the educational process, assessment demands that teachers be skilled in assessing students. This study looks into the elements that affect students' ability to appraise themselves in the General Education Program of 2018, with an emphasis on primary teachers in Vietnam's northern mountainous areas. The exploratory factor analysis, or EFA, methodology is used in this article. In order to conduct the poll, primary school teachers in Vietnam's northern highland regions were given 28 questions. Four major characteristics are found to have an impact on learners' evaluation abilities by the General Education Program 2018, based on a sample size of 149 participants. These variables include: 1) How teachers view assessment; 2) How students feel about assessment activities; 3) The supervision and direction provided by educational administrators; and 4) The degree to which teachers use assessment techniques. Finding these important variables makes it easier for school administrators to put policies into place that will improve teachers' abilities to assess students, which will improve how well the teaching process is carried out and raise the caliber and competency of the 2018 General Education Program. Moreover, this study might be used as a guide by future researchers who want to investigate fresh research ideas in this field.